Software is like sex: it's better when it's free!

Ruby && Rails interesting sites

2010-11-08T09:31:00.000+01:00

The Ruby Toolbox http://ruby-toolbox.com/
Rails Hispano http://railshispano.es
Ruby on rails screencasts http://rubyonrails.org/screencasts
Railscasts http://railscasts.com
Ruby5 http://ruby5.envylabs.com

Carta a la Comissió Organitzadora del Referèndum d'Independència de Catalunya

2010-04-26T12:03:00.003+02:00

Hola bones, soc informàtic especialitzat en desenvolupament
d'aplicacions web amb programari lliure i administrador de sistemes
GNU/Linux. He estat responsable informàtic de la consulta per el
municipi de Canet d'Adri aquest 25 d'Abril.

Crec que s'ha fet una bona feina però que hi ha molts punts a
millorar, i així doncs em permeto enviar una valoració i propostes de
millora.

Primer de tot vull apuntar un tema més aviat filosòfic, doncs estem
fent una consulta per d'independència de Catalunya i emprem un
programari (incloent servidors dels portals web, programari de
votacions, ...) que corre sobre un sistema operatiu privatiu, M.S.
Windows. Això va ser una de les causes que va provocar que ahir el
sistema caigués i dones un toc de poca serietat a les consultes.

Jo opino que s'haurien de redisenyar i reimplementar aquests sistemes
optant per programari lliure, que ens donaria més eficiència, eficàcia
i fiabilitat cares a les properes consultes.

Dubto que si es fa servir el mateix sistema informàtic per "Barcelona
decideix", no tornem a trobar-nos en un cas de saturació i caiguda
dels sistemes.

Quan al programari de votació, la idea de funcionament es bona, però
crec que s'hauria de fer una millora que consistiria en canviar la
tecnologia de programació, passar a una aplicació web amb capacitat de
treball en xarxa i desconnectat d'aquesta, però sincronitzant
bidireccionalment l'informació de votants per poder treballar amb mes
fiabilitat desconnectat de la xarxa. Aquest procés consistiria en
enviar des dels servidors els dni's del servidor als clients quan es
connectin així assegurar millor el no haver botat dos cops. Obviament
aquesta novetat s'hauria de fer exclusivament sota demanda per no
saturar les connexions mes febles.

Per altre costat hi ha el tema dels dissenys dels portals web, des de
http://referendumindependencia.cat als portals de les votacions que
tenen greus problemes de disseny i de suport multi plataforma (Safari,
Firefox, GoogleChrome, IExplorer, Android, Iphone, ...) i fa que no es
vegin correctament i doni sensació de pocs seriositat. Així també no
es pot navegar de manera lleugera amb dispositius mòbils doncs hi ha
animacions i altres imatges de gran pes que saturen una mica l'escassa
memòria que tenen.

S'hauria de redisenyar i reimplementar aquests portals i pensar en
totes les plataformes des de les que s'ha d'accedir i tenir més d'un
disseny si cal.

Per tot això m'ofereixo amb el que faci falta per col·laborar a
millorar tot el sistema informàtic per a les futures consultes.

Moltes gràcies

ActiveRecord::SerializationTypeMismatch: xxx was supposed to be a Hash, but was a String

2009-12-29T09:32:00.001+01:00

Having a migration like this

class CreateAs < ActiveRecord::Migration
class CreateAs < ActiveRecord::Migration
 def self.up
   create_table :as do |t|
     #...
     t.string :data, :null => false
     t.timestamps
   end
 end

 def self.down
   drop_table :as
 end
end

and a model like this

class A < ActiveRecord::Base
  serialize :readable_data, Hash
end

while I was doing something like this using the console an error occurred

>> A.create :data => {:a => "aa"}
>> A.first
ActiveRecord::SerializationTypeMismatch: data was supposed to be a Hash, but was a String

This happens when "data" column is too small, the solution is doing a new migration to increment the column's size, like

class UpdateAs < ActiveRecord::Migration

  def self.up
    change_column :as, :data, :string, :limit => 3000 , :null => false
  end

  def self.down
    change_column :as, :data, :string, :null => false
  end
end

Rails + Sqlite3 "uninitialized constant Encoding"

2009-12-24T08:17:00.000+01:00

Today I was playing with Rails doing some tests in wicked_pdf's plugin. First of all I created a test project, just executing

# rails test

After that I installed the plugin and started adding some code on tests. Once I was ready to execute them, I started creating the database

#rake db:migrate

and this error just apeared

rake aborted!

uninitialized constant Encoding

so I started googling a little and nothing was found. After that I traced the command to see some extra debug info

#rake db:migrate --trace

** Invoke db:test:prepare (first_time)

** Invoke db:abort_if_pending_migrations (first_time)

** Invoke environment (first_time)

** Execute environment

** Execute db:abort_if_pending_migrations

rake aborted!

uninitialized constant Encoding

/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:443:in `load_missing_constant'

/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:80:in `const_missing'

/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:92:in `const_missing'

/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/sqlite3-0.0.5/lib/sqlite3/encoding.rb:9:in `find'

/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/sqlite3-0.0.5/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:69:in `initialize'

...

You can see that sqlite3 has some missing libraries, maybe the ruby connector is missing? I tried to install the missing components and everything started running perfectly.

sudo apt-get install libdbd-sqlite3-ruby libsqlite3-ruby

Errors a les proves de l'ACTIC - Segona part

2009-12-23T09:24:00.001+01:00

Després de la primera reflexió en calent sobre les proves de nivell de l'ACTIC, i havent-hi donat unes quantes voltes he vist que hi ha un problema més gros que els que vaig comentar ahir.

Per tal de poder presentar-se a les proves, hom primer ha de registrar-se al portal de l'ACTIC. Un cop completat el procés es procedeix a entrar a la zona privada, es demana dia i lloc i a esperar tot estudiant (o no ;-) ).

El dia de la prova es va al lloc escollit on et fan entrar a la prova d'avaluació dins la zona privada del mateix portal. Per tal de pode començar s'ha d'introduir un codi únic i aleatori que l'examinador/a dona imprès en un paper després de comprovar físicament el teu DNI.

Tot sembla molt bonic i molt idíl·lic, sense la possibilitat que cap malèvola persona pugui dissenyar un pla il·legal i immoral per a fer trampes en aquest procés tant seriós... jo diria que no és així...

Suposo que no cal dir que la reflexió següent no s'ha d'utilitzar en cap cas per cometre actes il·legals o per falsificar proves d'avaluació, només les escric per mostrar un error de disseny de les proves i no em faig responsable de l'us i/o abús que qualsevol persona en pugui fer.

Tornat al tema, i fent servir la tècnica d'actualitzar la pantalla que ja vaig detallar en l'entrada anterior del blog, resulta evident que una persona sense els coneixements necessaris per a superar la prova es pot presentar i enviar mitjançant un missatge de text el codi a una persona externa que li pugui fer la prova. El primer només ha d'anar actualitzant la prova mentre el segon va responent.

I ara el lector es pregunta, com es pot enviar el codi amb un missatge de text, correu electrònic, ... des de l'aula sense ser vist, molt fàcil. El codi son uns 8 o 10 caràcters (números i lletres majúscules i minúscules). Es dediquen 30 segons a memoritzar-lo i es demanar anar a pixar.

Per altre costat, faltaria descobrir si les preguntes són sempre les mateixes o van canviant, doncs la farsa seria encara major, doncs es podria memoritzar entre varies persones les preguntes i aquestes ser publicades i/o distribuïdes tal i com passa amb els testos dels permisos de conduir.

Com a detall final comentar que el portal de la generalitat està desenvolupat amb Java, però el codi del servidor que interactua amb l'aplicació flaix de les proves és PhP.

Errors a les proves de l'ACTIC - Certificat d'acreditació de competències en tecnologies de la informació i la telecomunicació

2009-12-22T11:37:00.004+01:00

Per aquells qui no conegueu que és ACTIC <http://actic.gencat.cat>, mirem la definició oficia:

... L’ACTIC és el certificat acreditatiu de la competència digital, entesa com la combinació de coneixements, habilitats i actituds en l’àmbit de les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació que les persones despleguen en situacions reals per assolir objectius determinats amb eficàcia i eficiència. ...

A la pregunta "perquè et servirà això?" jo no us poc donar resposta, mai se sap si me'l demanen i així ja el tinc tret. Coneixent les institucions públiques catalanes mes val fer aquests examens aviat ja que al cap d'un temps s'adonen dels errors comeses, els arreglen i compliquen les coses!

Demagògies a part, dir que hi ha 3 nivells, dels quals fins a la tardor del 2010 només et pots avaluar dels dos primers.

L'examen dels dos primers nivells consisteix en un flaix immens que amorra el navegador i que es penja. Podeu veure el vídeo explicatiu dels examens, o guia de la prova aquí <http://punttic.cat/actic/>. Aquesta prova depenent del nivell té una durada diferent, marcada per un cronòmetre a la part dreta que va marcant el temps restant.

Aquesta aplicació es penja reiteradament quant finalitza una pregunta i n'ha de començar una de nova, fent que s'hagi d'actualitzar el navegador amb el resultat nefast de navegador penjat! Sort que les preguntes ja respostes es guarden. En aquest moment un examinat despert descobreix els ERRORS GARRAFALS:

Cada cop que actualitzem el navegador les preguntes ja respostes es mantenen però el temps restant per finalitzar la prova torna a començar!! O sigui si us veieu apurats de temps ja saveu.
Hi ha unes preguntes que consisteixen a fer una seqüència de clics en una simulació d'aplicació ofimàtica, sistema operatiu o altres. A cada acció que has de realitzar l'aplicació et deixa fer un nombre limitat de clics, si el superes salta al següent pas tota sola i t'invalida o suspèn aquella part de la pregunta. Si us passa això i voleu respondre correctament la pregunta, torneu a aplicar el truc anterior, actualitzem el navegador i tornem a començar la pregunta, i de regal el temps restant torna a iniciar-se!!!!

En el meu cas, després de fer això varis cops els examinadors m'han increpat, però sempre queda la resposta "els errors de disseny i/o implementació d'un programari no són culpa del client!"

Per altre costat, hi ha moltes preguntes inexactes, o que indueixen a error. Si et queixes als examinadors et miren amb cara de lluç sense poder fer res més que dir "tu fes servir la lògica". La meva resposta ha sigut "la lògica em mana queixar-me, enviar un mail a qui toqui i/o publicar un post de denúncia".

Coordinates converter plugin for Ruby on Rails

2009-06-18T11:23:00.004+02:00

I uploaded a new rails plugin to convert between coordinates utm and latlng http://github.com/lleirborras/coordinates_converter

Show partitions UUID

2009-06-01T16:28:00.001+02:00

# ls /dev/disk/by-uuid/ -alh

multi-line comments with ruby

2009-05-21T17:26:00.001+02:00

=begin
commented code
also commented
=end

cucumber, rails, català

2009-05-20T09:05:00.003+02:00

# git clone git://github.com/aslakhellesoy/cucumber.git
# cd cucumber
# rake install_gem

# script/generate cucumber
# echo "default: -l cat --format pretty" > cucumber.yml
# vi lib/tasks/cucumber.rake

t.cucumber_opts = "-p default"

reload alsa

2009-05-19T15:07:00.000+02:00

# sudo /sbin/alsa force-reload

SSh + socks tunnel

2009-05-09T09:43:00.002+02:00

# ssh -v -D PORT USER@SERVER

Firefox scrolling up -> history back

2009-04-29T13:19:00.000+02:00

# xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 8 9"

-- Permanent method
-- Edit .Xmodmap and add

pointer = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 8 9

VirtualBox form console

2009-04-21T09:27:00.000+02:00

# VBoxManage createvm -name "MACHINE_NAME" -register

-- Create new hd

# VBoxManage createhd --filename <filename> --size <megabytes>

-- or clone existing one

# VBoxManage clonehd "EXISTING_DISK.vdi" NEW_DISK.vdi

# VBoxManage modifyvm "MACHINE_NAME" -memory 1024MB -acpi on \ 
  -hwvirtex on -pae on -hda "NEW_DISK.vdi" -vrdp on -vrdpport 3390 \ 
  -nic1 hostif -hostifdev1 ETHERNET_INTERFACE

-- ready to start?

# VBoxManage list vms
# VBoxManage showvminfo "MACHINE_NAME"
# VBoxHeadless -s "MACHINE_NAME" &

Discover your hardware

2009-04-17T16:16:00.001+02:00

# lshw

The final command

2009-04-16T16:11:00.000+02:00

-- shred - overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it

# shred -z -u archivo-a-borrar

apache2 openssl

2009-04-14T16:45:00.000+02:00

mkdir /root/apache2-ssl
cd /root/apache2-ssl
sudo a2enmod ssl

-- with key

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

-- without key

openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024

openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
sudo cp server.crt /etc/ssl/certs
sudo cp server.key /etc/ssl/private

vi /etc/apache2/ports.conf

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
Listen 443
</IfModule>

vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

<VirtualHost *:80>
SSLEngine on

SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +CompatEnvVars +StrictRequire

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key

RedirectMatch (.*) https://www.aierimux.org$1
</VirtualHost>

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

openvpn ssl 1 server N clients howto

2009-04-14T15:58:00.000+02:00

# apt-get install openvpn openssl
# cp -r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa /root
# cd /root/easy-rsa
# vi vars

export KEY_COUNTRY="XY"
export KEY_PROVINCE="ASD"
export KEY_CITY="DAS"
export KEY_ORG="XXXXX"
export KEY_EMAIL="abc@def.com

# ./vars
# ./clean-all
# ./build-ca

-- yes to all

# ./build-key-server server

-- foreach client

# ./build-key clientX

# ./build-dh
# cd keys
# openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key
# cp ca.crt dh1024.pem server.crt server.key /etc/openvpn
# vi /etc/openvpn/server.conf

SERVER.CONF

#################################################
# Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for            #
# multi-client server.                          #
#                                               #
# This file is for the server side              #
# of a many-clients <-> one-server              #
# OpenVPN configuration.                        #
#                                               #
# OpenVPN also supports                         #
# single-machine <-> single-machine             #
# configurations (See the Examples page         #
# on the web site for more info).               #
#                                               #
# This config should work on Windows            #
# or Linux/BSD systems.  Remember on            #
# Windows to quote pathnames and use            #
# double backslashes, e.g.:                     #
# "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" #
#                                               #
# Comments are preceded with '#' or ';'         #
#################################################

# Which local IP address should OpenVPN
# listen on? (optional)
;local a.b.c.d

# Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on?
# If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances
# on the same machine, use a different port
# number for each one.  You will need to
# open up this port on your firewall.
port 1194

# TCP or UDP server?
;proto tcp
proto udp

# "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel,
# "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel.
# Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging
# and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface
# and bridged it with your ethernet interface.
# If you want to control access policies
# over the VPN, you must create firewall
# rules for the the TUN/TAP interface.
# On non-Windows systems, you can give
# an explicit unit number, such as tun0.
# On Windows, use "dev-node" for this.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
;dev tap
dev tun

# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel if you
# have more than one.  On XP SP2 or higher,
# you may need to selectively disable the
# Windows firewall for the TAP adapter.
# Non-Windows systems usually don't need this.
;dev-node MyTap

# SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate
# (cert), and private key (key).  Each client
# and the server must have their own cert and
# key file.  The server and all clients will
# use the same ca file.
#
# See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series
# of scripts for generating RSA certificates
# and private keys.  Remember to use
# a unique Common Name for the server
# and each of the client certificates.
#
# Any X509 key management system can be used.
# OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file
# (see "pkcs12" directive in man page).
ca ca.crt
cert server.crt
key server.key  # This file should be kept secret

# Diffie hellman parameters.
# Generate your own with:
#   openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024
# Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using
# 2048 bit keys. 
dh dh1024.pem

# Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet
# for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from.
# The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself,
# the rest will be made available to clients.
# Each client will be able to reach the server
# on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are
# ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info.
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0

# Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address
# associations in this file.  If OpenVPN goes down or
# is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned
# the same virtual IP address from the pool that was
# previously assigned.
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt

# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging.
# You must first use your OS's bridging capability
# to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet
# NIC interface.  Then you must manually set the
# IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we
# assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0.  Finally we
# must set aside an IP range in this subnet
# (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate
# to connecting clients.  Leave this line commented
# out unless you are ethernet bridging.
;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100

# Push routes to the client to allow it
# to reach other private subnets behind
# the server.  Remember that these
# private subnets will also need
# to know to route the OpenVPN client
# address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0)
# back to the OpenVPN server.
;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0"
;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0"

# To assign specific IP addresses to specific
# clients or if a connecting client has a private
# subnet behind it that should also have VPN access,
# use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific
# configuration files (see man page for more info).

# EXAMPLE: Suppose the client
# having the certificate common name "Thelonious"
# also has a small subnet behind his connecting
# machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248.
# First, uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line:
#   iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to
# access the VPN.  This example will only work
# if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are
# using "dev tun" and "server" directives.

# EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give
# Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1.
# First uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252
# Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious:
#   ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2

# Suppose that you want to enable different
# firewall access policies for different groups
# of clients.  There are two methods:
# (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each
#     group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface
#     for each group/daemon appropriately.
# (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically
#     modify the firewall in response to access
#     from different clients.  See man
#     page for more info on learn-address script.
;learn-address ./script

# If enabled, this directive will configure
# all clients to redirect their default
# network gateway through the VPN, causing
# all IP traffic such as web browsing and
# and DNS lookups to go through the VPN
# (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT
# the TUN/TAP interface to the internet in
# order for this to work properly).
# CAVEAT: May break client's network config if
# client's local DHCP server packets get routed
# through the tunnel.  Solution: make sure
# client's local DHCP server is reachable via
# a more specific route than the default route
# of 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0.
;push "redirect-gateway"

# Certain Windows-specific network settings
# can be pushed to clients, such as DNS
# or WINS server addresses.  CAVEAT:
# http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats
;push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
;push "dhcp-option WINS 10.8.0.1"

# Uncomment this directive to allow different
# clients to be able to "see" each other.
# By default, clients will only see the server.
# To force clients to only see the server, you
# will also need to appropriately firewall the
# server's TUN/TAP interface.
;client-to-client

# Uncomment this directive if multiple clients
# might connect with the same certificate/key
# files or common names.  This is recommended
# only for testing purposes.  For production use,
# each client should have its own certificate/key
# pair.
#
# IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL
# CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT,
# EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME",
# UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT.
;duplicate-cn

# The keepalive directive causes ping-like
# messages to be sent back and forth over
# the link so that each side knows when
# the other side has gone down.
# Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote
# peer is down if no ping received during
# a 120 second time period.
keepalive 10 120

# For extra security beyond that provided
# by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall"
# to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding.
#
# Generate with:
#   openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key
#
# The server and each client must have
# a copy of this key.
# The second parameter should be '0'
# on the server and '1' on the clients.
;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret

# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# This config item must be copied to
# the client config file as well.
;cipher BF-CBC        # Blowfish (default)
;cipher AES-128-CBC   # AES
;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC  # Triple-DES

# Enable compression on the VPN link.
# If you enable it here, you must also
# enable it in the client config file.
comp-lzo

# The maximum number of concurrently connected
# clients we want to allow.
;max-clients 100

# It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN
# daemon's privileges after initialization.
#
# You can uncomment this out on
# non-Windows systems.
;user nobody
;group nobody

# The persist options will try to avoid
# accessing certain resources on restart
# that may no longer be accessible because
# of the privilege downgrade.
persist-key
persist-tun

# Output a short status file showing
# current connections, truncated
# and rewritten every minute.
status openvpn-status.log

# By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or
# on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to
# the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory).
# Use log or log-append to override this default.
# "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup,
# while "log-append" will append to it.  Use one
# or the other (but not both).
;log         openvpn.log
;log-append  openvpn.log

# Set the appropriate level of log
# file verbosity.
#
# 0 is silent, except for fatal errors
# 4 is reasonable for general usage
# 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems
# 9 is extremely verbose
verb 3

# Silence repeating messages.  At most 20
# sequential messages of the same message
# category will be output to the log.
;mute 20

CLIENT.CONF

##############################################
# Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file #
# for connecting to multi-client server.     #
#                                            #
# This configuration can be used by multiple #
# clients, however each client should have   #
# its own cert and key files.                #
#                                            #
# On Windows, you might want to rename this  #
# file so it has a .ovpn extension           #
##############################################

# Specify that we are a client and that we
# will be pulling certain config file directives
# from the server.
client

# Use the same setting as you are using on
# the server.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
;dev tap
dev tun

# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel
# if you have more than one.  On XP SP2,
# you may need to disable the firewall
# for the TAP adapter.
;dev-node MyTap

# Are we connecting to a TCP or
# UDP server?  Use the same setting as
# on the server.
;proto tcp
proto udp

# The hostname/IP and port of the server.
# You can have multiple remote entries
# to load balance between the servers.
remote my-server-1 1194
;remote my-server-2 1194

# Choose a random host from the remote
# list for load-balancing.  Otherwise
# try hosts in the order specified.
;remote-random

# Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the
# host name of the OpenVPN server.  Very useful
# on machines which are not permanently connected
# to the internet such as laptops.
resolv-retry infinite

# Most clients don't need to bind to
# a specific local port number.
nobind

# Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only)
;user nobody
;group nobody

# Try to preserve some state across restarts.
persist-key
persist-tun

# If you are connecting through an
# HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN
# server, put the proxy server/IP and
# port number here.  See the man page
# if your proxy server requires
# authentication.
;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures
;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #]

# Wireless networks often produce a lot
# of duplicate packets.  Set this flag
# to silence duplicate packet warnings.
;mute-replay-warnings

# SSL/TLS parms.
# See the server config file for more
# description.  It's best to use
# a separate .crt/.key file pair
# for each client.  A single ca
# file can be used for all clients.
ca ca.crt
cert client.crt
key client.key

# Verify server certificate by checking
# that the certicate has the nsCertType
# field set to "server".  This is an
# important precaution to protect against
# a potential attack discussed here:
#  http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm
#
# To use this feature, you will need to generate
# your server certificates with the nsCertType
# field set to "server".  The build-key-server
# script in the easy-rsa folder will do this.
;ns-cert-type server

# If a tls-auth key is used on the server
# then every client must also have the key.
;tls-auth ta.key 1

# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# If the cipher option is used on the server
# then you must also specify it here.
;cipher x

# Enable compression on the VPN link.
# Don't enable this unless it is also
# enabled in the server config file.
comp-lzo

# Set log file verbosity.
verb 3

# Silence repeating messages
;mute 20

MDADM few things

2009-04-14T15:00:00.001+02:00

Mirroring /dev/sda* and /dev/sdb* , sdb falls

# cat /proc/mdstat

-- remove broken disk from raid
-- repeat foreach partition

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sdb*
# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdb*

-- clone disk partition table from current working disk to the new one

# sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sfdisk /dev/sdb
# fdisk -l

-- add new disk to raid
-- repeat foreach partition

# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb*

Rapid Samba with user

2009-04-14T14:56:00.000+02:00

# apt-get install samba
# adduser compartit --home /Compartit
# smbpasswd compartit
# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

[compartit]
comment = Compartit
path = /Compartit/dades
public = no
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = compartit
force group = compartit

# /etc/init.d/samba restart

Debootstrap

2008-03-12T14:24:00.000+01:00

# fdisk /dev/sdX

--Minim 1 particio tipus linux

# mkfs.ext3 -j /dev/sdXX

# mount /dev/sdXX /MOUNT/POINT

# debootstrap --arch=i386 --include=ssh,udev,vim,grub sarge /MOUNT/POINT/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian

Tcpdump

2008-03-11T18:50:00.001+01:00

$ tcpdump -i ethX -XX -xxx -vvv -s 9000 port P and dst host aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd

Aixecar vmware remot

2008-03-10T12:25:00.001+01:00

-- Baixar kdm

# /etc/init.d/kdm stop

-- Aixecar les 'X'

# X

-- Engegar el vmware

# DISPLAY=:0.0 vmplayer /PATH/VMWARE/NomMaquina.vmx

Google maps

2008-03-07T09:28:00.000+01:00

http://khorne.aierimux.org/grn-google
    <?php
    
       // Your Google Maps API key
      $key = "ABQIAAAAQ2A_oD8DKq2r5VxyrzHy8xQjF7oGr5rgvS02uznMrMRkczqiUhQ1V0GTiiXMHI4VG9v_ufZJdPP0dQ";
    
      $adresa = utf8_encode(str_replace(" ", "+",$_REQUEST[\'adresa\']));
    
       // Desired address
      $google_address = "http://maps.google.com/maps/geo?q={$adresa}&output=xml&ie=UTF&ie=UTF88&key=$key";
       // Retrieve the URL contents
      $page = utf8_encode(file_get_contents($google_address));
       // Parse the returned XML file
      $xml = new SimpleXMLElement($page);
       // Retrieve the desired XML node
      list( $x, $y, $z ) = split(\',\',$xml->Response->Placemark->Point->coordinates);
      $nom = $xml->Response->name;
    ?>


<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="es" lang="es">
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />


    <script src="http://maps.google.com/maps?file=api&v=2&key=<?=$key?>" type="text/javascript"></script>
 <script type="text/javascript">
 //<![CDATA[
  function loadGoogle() {
      var map = new GMap2(document.getElementById("map"));
   map.addControl(new GLargeMapControl());
   map.addControl(new GMapTypeControl());
   map.setCenter(new GLatLng(<?=$y?>,<?=$x?>), 17);
   
   map.setMapType(G_SATELLITE_TYPE);
   
   // Create a base icon for all of our markers that specifies the
   // shadow, icon dimensions, etc.
   var baseIcon = new GIcon();
   baseIcon.shadow = "http://www.google.com/mapfiles/shadow50.png";
   baseIcon.iconSize = new GSize(20, 34);
   baseIcon.shadowSize = new GSize(37, 34);
   baseIcon.iconAnchor = new GPoint(9, 34);
   baseIcon.infoWindowAnchor = new GPoint(9, 2);
   baseIcon.infoShadowAnchor = new GPoint(18, 25);
   
   // Creates a marker whose info window displays the letter corresponding
   // to the given index.
   function createMarker(point) {
     // Create a lettered icon for this point using our icon class    
     var icon = new GIcon(baseIcon);
     icon.image = "http://www.google.com/mapfiles/marker.png";
     var marker = new GMarker(point, icon);
   
     GEvent.addListener(marker, "click", function() {
    marker.openInfoWindowHtml("<b><?=$nom?></b>");
     });        
     return marker;
   }
       
   var point = new GLatLng(<?=$y?>,<?=$x?>);
   var marker = createMarker(point);
   
   map.addOverlay(marker);
   marker.openInfoWindowHtml("<b><?=$nom?></b>");
  }
 //]]>
 </script>
 <script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

 <script type="text/javascript">
  _uacct = "UA-2096439-1";
  urchinTracker();
 </script>
  </head>
  <body onload="javascript:loadGoogle()">
    <form action="index.php" method="post">
      <p>Adre&ccedil;a</p>
      <input type="text" name="adresa" id="adresa" style="width:100%" /><br />
      <input type="submit" name="enviar" id="enviar" value="enviar" />
    </form>
    <hr />
    <p><b>X => </b><?=$x?></p>
    <p><b>Y => </b><?=$y?></p>
    <p><b>Z => </b><?=$z?></p>
    <hr />
    <div id="map" style="width: 700px; height: 400px; margin-top: 15px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>